What Is Endoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Spine Surgery?
Unlike traditional open surgery, this technique uses only small skin incisions, and the access route is planned to cause the least possible harm to the body. A thin tube is placed through the incision; through this tube, a thin camera (endoscope) and surgical instruments are used to carry out the procedure. The camera projects the surgical area onto a screen in a magnified, sharp view, giving the surgeon a detailed picture — allowing focused, tissue-sparing work.
Monoportal and Biportal Techniques
Endoscopic spine surgery can be performed in two ways. In the monoportal (single-channel) technique, a single incision is made in the skin; this is called full-endoscopic disc surgery. In the biportal (two-channel) technique, two small incisions are made; this is called endoscopy-assisted spinal disc surgery. Which technique is right for you is determined by a detailed pre-operative assessment and explained by your surgeon.
When Is It Used?
Almost all procedures performed by open surgery — such as lumbar disc herniation, cervical disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis and cervical spinal stenosis — can also be carried out with the endoscopic (minimally invasive) method. The appropriate technique is determined by a detailed evaluation of your condition.
Alternatives — Not Every Patient Needs Surgery
Surgery is not the only option. Alternatives that may be considered depending on the situation include medication, exercises that strengthen the lower-back and core muscles, physiotherapy, interventional pain methods (injections, etc.) and open surgical techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are explained in detail during the examination; the right treatment is determined individually.
Recovery and the Process
In suitable cases, thanks to the small incision and tissue-sparing approach, many patients can stand up within a short time; the return to daily life is gradual. Rarely, an unexpected situation during surgery may require conversion to open surgery; in such a case your surgeon will provide the necessary information. The speed of recovery depends on the technique used and on individual factors.